the science of using tools and complex machines to make human life easier or more profitable. Use these resources to explore more about political boundaries. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. arrangement of people, places, or things across a specific space. Basin - A section of land eroded by water, causing it to be lower than the surrounding land. Geographers of this Islamic Golden Age created the world’s first rectangular map based on a grid, a map system that is still familiar today. horizontal and vertical lines used to locate objects in relation to one another on a map. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Until about 1500, China was the most prosperous civilization on Earth. Continent - A large land mass, for example, Africa. These disputes might arise due to a natural resource both groups want, like in the case of Sudan and South Sudan, or in an attempt to gain more political power, as in the case of Pakistan and India in the Kashmir region. Cape - A section of land that juts out into the water, for example, Cape Cod. Audrey Carangelo Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. a set of numbers giving the precise location of a point, often its latitude and longitude. Valley - The low area between mountains, for example, the Rio Grande Valley. For example, geographic analysis has pointed to the role of the U.S. Interstate Highway System and the rapid growth of car ownership in creating a boom in U.S. suburban growth after World War II. having to do with the social characteristics and statistics of a population. Using the map, he was able to trace the source of the outbreak to a water pump on the corner of Broad Street and Cambridge Street. Swamp - A freshwater wetland with muddy land, for example, the Amazon River floodplain. any system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on the Earth's surface. He was scheduled to fly back to Long Beach. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Lake - A large body of water totally surrounded by land, for example, Lake Titicaca in the Andes. Santani Teng Hydrologists are especially concerned with the movement of water as it cycles from the ocean to the atmosphere, then back to Earth’s surface. Additionally, due to globalization, place can change over time as its physical setting and cultures are influenced by new ideas or technologies. Physical GeographyThe natural environment is the primary concern of physical geographers, although many physical geographers also look at how humans have altered natural systems. irregular, recurring weather system that features a warm, eastern-flowing ocean current in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Nathaniel Kelso is a cartographer for the Washington Post. Tara Ramroop introduction of harmful materials into the environment. National Geographic: National Geographic Bee, United States Geological Survey: Geography. But exploration no longer simply means going to places that have not been visited before. The five themes of geography are location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and region. person who studies the relationship between learned behavior of human beings, including language and religion, and the places humans live. This includes all Earth's landforms, oceans, and ecosystems, as well as the impact of human society on its environment. The discovery and tracking of the Gulf Stream helped communications and travel between Europe and the Americas. steady, predictable flow of fluid within a larger body of that fluid. The geographydata type provides several built-in methods that generate a geography from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) WKT representation. A human geographer might investigate the local, regional, and global impact of rising economic powers China and India, which represent 37 percent of the world’s people. In the early 1400s, the explorer Cheng Ho embarked on seven voyages to the lands bordering the China Sea and the Indian Ocean, establishing China’s dominance throughout Southeast Asia.Age of DiscoveryThrough the 13th-century travels of the Italian explorer Marco Polo, Europeans learned about the riches of China. They might study natural hazards, such as a fire that struck Los Angeles, California, in 2008. In Greek, geo means “earth” and -graphy means “to write.” Using geography, Greeks developed an understanding of where their homeland was located in relation to other places, what their own and other places were like, and how people and environments were distributed. Mountain - A very tall landform, for example, Mt. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. As early as 1500 BCE, Polynesian navigators in the Pacific Ocean used complex maps made of tiny sticks and shells that represented islands and ocean currents they would encounter on their voyages. For example, 18th-century mariners figured out the geography of the Gulf Stream, a massive current flowing like a river through the Atlantic Ocean. Curiosity was awakened; a desire to trade with wealthy Asian cultures motivated a renewed interest in exploring the world. The emigration of Syrians during war, the flow of water in the Gulf Stream, and the expansion of cell phone reception around the planet are all examples of movement. The invention of the printing press in the mid-1400s helped spread geographic knowledge by making maps and charts widely available. Human GeographyHuman geography is concerned with the distribution and networks of people and cultures on Earth’s surface. Political candidates use the information to inform targeted campaigns. ", Defining Accessibility and Mobility in Transportation and Geography, M.A., Geography, California State University - Northridge, B.A., Geography, University of California - Davis. Estuary - The area where the fresh water from a river meets the salt water from an ocean, for example, the Amazon Estuary. photographs of a planet taken by or from a satellite. One of the oldest tenets of geography is the concept of place. They are very interested in the impact of the environment on human health, especially the effects of environmental hazards such as radiation, lead poisoning, or water pollution.Geographic TechniquesSpecialists in geographic techniques study the ways in which geographic processes can be analyzed and represented using different methods and technologies. Economists examine which nations trade with other nations, and what resources are exchanged. The period of time between the 15th and 17th centuries is known in the West as the Age of Exploration or the Age of Discovery.With the dawn of the Age of Discovery, the study of geography regained popularity in Europe. Geography is the study of the earth, its physical features, atmosphere, and resources. Location can be absolute or relative. to leave or remove from a dangerous place. It looks at these different distributions and arrangements at many different scales. infectious, sometimes fatal disease that harms the intestines. It also helped people understand the planet on which they lived. Help your students understand demographics with these classroom resources. Mark Geography No Comments Geography is a challenging subject ad writing a dissertation on it can be very difficult and challenging for the students. a system of spiritual or supernatural belief. When, for example, people allow their animals to overgraze a region, the soil erodes and grassland is transformed into desert. A regional geographer may be interested in the way a city like Shanghai, China, is growing. (singular: alga) diverse group of aquatic organisms, the largest of which are seaweeds. GIS can also illustrate human struggles from a geographic perspective, such as the interactive online map published by the New York Times in May 2009 that showed building foreclosure rates in various regions around the New York City area.The enormous possibilities for producing computerized maps and diagrams that can help us understand environmental and social problems have made geographic visualization an increasingly important specialty within geography. Finally, knowing something about geography enriches people’s lives—promoting curiosity about other people and places and an appreciation of the patterns, environments, and peoples that make up the endlessly fascinating, varied planet on which we live. Political geographers study the impact of political circumstances on interactions between people and their environment, as well as environmental conflicts, such as disputes over water rights.Some human geographers focus on the connection between human health and geography. chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water for a specific purpose such as drinking. They also examine how human culture interacts with the natural environment, and the way that locations and places can have an impact on people. Satellite images and other geographic technology identified the so-called “Great Pacific Garbage Patch.”These examples of different uses of the geographic perspective help explain why geographic study and research is important as we confront many 21st century challenges, including environmental pollution, poverty, hunger, and ethnic or political conflict.Because the study of geography is so broad, the discipline is typically divided into specialties. Range - A series of mountains, for example, the Appalachian Mountain Range. Improved transportation, communication, and navigational technology allowed countries such as the United Kingdom to successfully govern colonies as far away as the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Africa. Kara West, Daniel Edelson, Vice President, National Geographic Education study of the spatial relationships that influence government or social policies. Wrong-Way CorriganThe American aviator Douglas Corrigan is often nicknamed "Wrong-Way Corrigan" because of a navigational error he made on a flight in 1938. status of having very little money or material goods. person who studies places and the relationships between people and their environments. period of the year distinguished by special climatic conditions. Locale is the physical setting for relationships between people, such as the South of France or the Smoky Mountains. The following assignment is meant to be given after the teacher has presented the definitions and examples of the five themes of geography. Chemists study where certain chemical elements, such as gold or silver, can be found. 1145 17th Street NW Old MapsPeople have been making maps for thousands of years. Glacier - A large mass of ice that moves slowly, for example, the Easton Glacier on Mount Baker. Physical geographers study Earth’s seasons, climate, atmosphere, soil, streams, landforms, and oceans. geographic area, mostly residential, just outside the borders of an urban area. Geography is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. Erin Sprout Some grasp of geography is essential as people seek to make sense of the world and understand their place in it. The festival of Holi is a part of cultural geography.
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